Definition. This chart estimates the global power consumption of the Bitcoin ASIC fleet in gigawatts, assuming all operational rigs are of a uniform reference device model. One trace is shown per rig generation, alongside network hash rate (dark grey) and price (light grey).

Technical. Each trace divides total network hash rate by the reference rig's hashpower to imply a fleet size, then multiplies by that rig's rated power draw:

• Implied Power (GW) = Network Hash Rate / Rig Hashpower x Rig Power Rating

The following reference ASIC rig models are considered:

• ⚪ Antminer S9 (13.5 TH/s, 1,323 W, ~98 J/TH, Feb-2017)

• 🔴 Antminer S17 (56 TH/s, 2,520 W, 45 J/TH, Apr-2019)

• 🟡 Antminer S19 Pro (110 TH/s, 3,250 W, 29.5 J/TH, May-2020)

• 🟢 Antminer S19 XP Hyd. (257 TH/s, 5,346 W, 20.8 J/TH, Oct-2022)

• 🔵 Antminer S21 XP (270 TH/s, 3,645 W, 13.5 J/TH, Dec-2024)

• ⚫ Antminer S23 Hyd. (580 TH/s, 5,510 W, 9.5 J/TH, Jan-2026)

Interpretation. This is a gross oversimplification, as the true ASIC fleet is made up of a wide array of rig models, power sources, and geographies. As such, this tool is best considered under a framework of comparing the efficiency gains in power consumption across ASIC rig generations, and may also be used to observe upper and lower bands of network energy demands. Older generation ASIC hardware represents an upper bound (since many become unprofitable and drop off), whilst later generations are a lower bound (as not all rigs are the latest and most efficient generation).

Notes. This model can be reasonably compared to the lower, best estimate, and upper bound energy bands of the Cambridge Bitcoin Energy Consumption Index. Traces commence at each model's approximate availability month. Built from Hash Rate. See also ASIC Fleet Count, ASIC Fleet Revenue per Day and ASIC Fleet Break-Even-Cost. Reference models are Bitmain Antminer generation representatives (using the plain S17 56T at 2,520 W, not the S17 Pro); machines from other vendors such as MicroBT and Canaan are not represented. Availability months are the manufacturer's announced shipping windows.