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Glassnode

Chart description
Max Pain is the settlement price at expiry that minimizes the total intrinsic value (payout) of all outstanding options (calls + puts) for a given maturity, based on current open interest. For each maturity, we evaluate candidate settlement prices and compute the aggregate intrinsic value across all strikes; the price with the lowest total payout is the max pain level. Traders use this as a positioning-based reference for potential pinning near expiration, though it is heuristic and depends on how open interest is held/hedged. Calculations use real-time open interest and update every 10 minutes